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Volkswagen electric cars: what you need to know
Published: 05 March 2021
âș Full range of EVs both present and future
âș Plus, the tech and the factory behind VW ID
Volkswagen has further accelerated its plans to electrify and offer fully-electric models â with a roadmap that spells out exactly what is to come by 2030. More ID models have been given production dates, there is confirmation of a GTX electric performance-car variant for some models and the first details of Project Trinity â the brand's basis of a new EV platform.
The electric ID brand is as significant to Volkswagen as the Beetle was in 1945 and the original Golf in 1974. In their different ways, they transformed the company. Can ID do the same at a time when VW is still being buffeted by the aftershocks of Dieselgate?
Here are some handy links to navigate this article:
VW delivered nearly 134,000 electric vehicles, and 212,000 electrified cars in total (including hybrids and plug-in hybrids). That's an increase of 197% and 158% respectively.
VW's chief operating officer Ralf BrandstÀtter said: '2020 was a turning point for Volkswagen and marked a breakthrough in electric mobility.
'We are well on track to achieve our aim of becoming the market leader in battery electric vehicles.'
The ID range: Volkswagen's EVs explained
Each of the ID models, which will range from A-segment through to a saloon, SUV and a seven-seater, will have 'the interior space of the class aboveâ, explained Andreas Köhler of the MEBâs electronic project management team.
With an anticipated 10 million vehicle sales across all VW Group brands during the first wave of electrification (and up to 22m by the end of the 2020s), thereâs been considerable focus on component sharing and cost cutting. The use of an all-steel platform will help; itâs far cheaper than a lightweight aluminium alternative.
But the big cost challenge will be in the less familiar area of battery costs. As VW makes the transition from internal combustion to electrification, it needs to not only master the use of batteries but secure a reliable, cost-effective supply of the raw materials, while being on the lookout for technical advances.
VW ID.3
The new VW ID.3 electric car is the first of the new generation of Volkswagen EVs in series production, and the first of the brandâs new ID series. What does ID stand for? Ignore dieselgate? Not quite; instead we're told it stands for 'intelligent design, identity and visionary technologies.'
It doesnât really matter either way, but what is important is just how big VW thinks the ID brand will be; itâs calling the ID.3 the third major chapter after the Beetle and the Golf. That's a big claim.
The ID.3 will have a CO2 balance of zero. âWe have investigated the supply chain. Our suppliers use green energy. Our Zwickau factory has already changed to green energy. Elsewhere we will use a compensation scheme [ie carbon trading],âsays VW electrification chief Thomas Ulbrich. But other aspects of the grand plan were still, he said, works in progress, for example whether the owner of an ID will use green electricity, and the recycling of the car.
On top of that, VW has dreamt up an ID.3 convertible. While just a flight of fancy for now, BrandstÀtter and CEO Herbert Diess have both expressed their interest in developing one.
Read our review of the VW ID.3 review here
VW ID.4
The second model in Volkswagenâs ID range of electric cars, the 4 is a crossover SUV based on the firmâs electric MEB platform.
The ID.4 takes inspiration from the ID Crozz concept from a couple of years ago, so we can expect a choice of batteries delivering range of up to around 311 miles on a charge, with the ability to charge from empty to 80% capacity in around 30 minutes via a rapid charger. Itâs also expected a top-spec model with the most powerful battery pack could deliver up to 301bhp. This will also be the first model to have a new GTX performance variant.
Read our VW ID.4 prototype drive here
VW ID. 5
Another model inspired by the ID Crozz concept. The ID.5 is essentially a coupe-SUV version of the ID.4, with a shallower and sleeker silhouette while still offering the ID.4's practicality inside.
VW ID.6
The Volkswagen ID Roomzz concept car was unveiled on the eve of the 2019 Auto Shanghai motor show, showing how VWâs electric car range is expanding at a dizzying rate. And this is no flight of fancy; itâs previewing a new type of crossover/MPV mash-up, due to go on sale in China in 2021 as the ID.6. European sales are likely to follow suit, according to Wolfsburg top brass CAR spoke to.
Itâs no accident that the new EV was shown in China; this is the worldâs biggest zero-emissions market and the show was festooned with battery-powered electric cars. In 2018, some 950,000 electric new cars were registered in China, out of a mind-boggling total of 22 million registrations.
VW ID Vizzion
The 2018 Geneva motor show brought a fourth concept example, the super-sleek VW ID Vizzion.
The ID Vizzion follows the original the ID hatch (which became the ID.3), the ID Crozz coupe-SUV and the ID Buzz van/MPV, and immediately establishes itself as a strong contender for the ID with the daftest name.
In terms of looks, the Vizzion is perhaps the least outlandish ID model yet â but with absolutely no hint of a steering wheel or pedals inside and lots of talk of artificial intelligence-led autonomous driving, it totally gets its futuristic mojo back when it comes to technology.
VW ID Buzz
Volkswagen has committed to bringing its Microbus minivan back from the dead â as a heavily stylised, all-electric fashion wagon.
It's due in showrooms in 2022 and will be based heavily on the ID Buzz concept car.
VW ID Space Vizzion
Codenamed Aero 2, the production version of the ID Space Vizzion â an all-electric estate â will arrive in 2023.
VW ID.1
VW is also building a small electric city car. CAR first predicted the model in the summer of 2020, with the brand officially confirming the new model at its annual conference in March 2021. It's slated to go into production in 2025 to replace the Up, with an entry price of around ÂŁ17,000.
VW ID. Buggy
After the ID range of cars reaches full fruition (meaning everything from ID.1 to ID.7), Volkswagen is considering adding more niche EVs to its range to inject a bit of fun into the mix. Volkswagen brought out a concept to resurrect the buggy as an electric ID model, with CEO Herbert Diess saying at the 2019 Geneva motor show that it was considering launching it by collaborating with third parties to make such niche cars viable. However, CAR insiders say the project has been canned, after a deal with Aachen-based e:Go Mobility fell through due to e:Go filing for insolvency.
VW ID Ruggedzz
Instead of the ID Buggy, VW is considering launching a tough, small 4x4 codenamed Ruggedzz in 2025. Designed to be a rufty-tufty off-roader with e-power, the Ruggedzz will be cheap to build, easy to clean, flexible and affordable to run â aimed at the young outdoors and lifestyle crowd. This project, however, could be handed over to Skoda.
What is Project Trinity?
The next step of the electric onslaught. While the ID range is the start, VW says Trinity will be all of the elements it's developed in the first range of cars boiled down into one entity, arriving in 2026. It's linked to Audi's Project Artemis but, while Audi's project is more for developing electric luxury cars for itself, Porsche and Bentley, VW is focusing on the accessible end of the market. 'This technology must not become the preserve of a select elite, which is why we are scaling it to make it available for many people,' VW's Ralf BrandstÀtter said during the 2021 annual conference.
Tangible details and imagery are scarce, but VW says Trinity will offer Level 2+ autonomous driving from launch (already the market standard, really), with the technology in-built to upgrade that to Level 4. On top of that, Trinity will be the framework for driving forward Car-to-X technology, allowing all of the brand's cars on the road to talk to each other â that detail could make a huge difference to Level 4 autonomy being safe and successful.
Electric Volkswagens: the new ID EV tech explained
With an anticipated 10 million vehicle sales across all VW Group brands during the first wave of electrification (and up to 22m by the end of the 2020s), thereâs been considerable focus on component sharing and cost cutting. The use of an all-steel platform will help; itâs far cheaper than a lightweight aluminium alternative.
But the big cost challenge will be in the less familiar area of battery costs. As VW makes the transition from internal combustion to electrification, it needs to not only master the use of batteries but secure a reliable, cost-effective supply of the raw materials, while being on the lookout for technical advances.
CAR lives with a VW Golf GTE plug-in hybrid
VW's Christian Senger told CAR: âToday 40% of an EVâs cost is the battery, and while the cost of components like electric motors and power electronics has halved we wonât achieve cost parity until 2025, not before. We have to reduce battery costs but in the meantime reducing complexity by simplifying the architecture is a move in the right direction.â
Like the MEB, the battery pack is modular. According to the new WLTP assessment, the entry-level battery will offer 200 miles of range. The next step up is around 270 miles.
A third, yet to be confirmed, is expected to hold enough charge to offer a 340-mile range.
The lithium-ion batteries (above) are still undergoing development, according to Dr Armin Modlinger, responsible for developing cell technology for all the VW brands; heâs based at the pilot line for battery cell production in Salzgitter. VW is using both prismatic and pouch cells for the most efficient packaging and easier handling. âWe need to increase the energy density to improve range by adding more nickel to the cathode and silicon to the anode,â he said.
Crucially, because the ID range will be built on a global scale, including the USA and China, the batteries are âcell agnosticâ â able to accommodate locally produced cells.
According to Modlinger, solid-state batteries â with their improved safety and higher energy density â are not likely to appear until the end of the 2020s.
ID is not just about electrification. They are the first VWs to be permanently connected to the cloud via 4G, and are being future-proofed for 5G. VW has developed a completely new end-to-end electronics architecture, branded E3, together with the new vw.OS operating system allowing the carâs software to be remotely updated.
A trio of separate application servers control various functions on the car: an infotainment server for third-party apps; an autonomous driving server; and a third server that is only accessible via VWâs digital platform.
VW is part of the Ionity partnership with Daimler, BMW and Ford, which plans to open hundreds of charging sites with an average of six charge points per site across Europe; as demand and technology evolve, these will be able to charge at up to 350kW and 920 volts.
Senger dismissed concerns about battery recycling and the prospect of a dead li-ion battery mountain, revealing that VW is working with both universities and industry to develop recycling processes that will recover 97% of the batteriesâ chemicals, although that is unlikely to emerge before 2025 when there are sufficient EVs on the road to make it financially viable.
âBefore then we could just replace any cells that fail and rebalance the battery or remove the battery and use it for stationary storage â there will be a huge market for this as the pricing is higher than in the automotive value chain.â
Credit where itâs due: hasnât VW been forced into this by Elon Musk and Tesla?â Senger says: âTesla proved that people like EVs and that itâs not just about being CO2 compliant. If Model 3 had been on time â yes, that would have been a serious threat.â
Inside the VW ID factory at Zwickau
CAR was among the first journalists in the world to visit VWâs newly converted Zwickau factory and see the first ID.3s rolling off the production line.
The Zwickau factory in Saxony is a âlegacy factoryâ in that until now it has produced conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) cars but from 2021 it will be a centre dedicated to electric MEB models.
Alongside the ID.3, further MEB cars (two Audis and one Seat â the el-Born sister car to the ID.3) will also be built at Zwickau.
The first VW factory to be converted to full EV production, the investment at Zwickau has been vast. VW describes it as the ânucleusâ for its EV production plans.
On robots alone, there has been a âŹ400m investment. The MEB production process allows more automation than previous ICE cars but of the 8000 employees at Zwickau, almost all have been retained to work on the electric models with minimal redundancies, which has required thousands of training days.
The joining of the skateboard-style MEB platform and the ID.3 bodyshell is rapid, taking just 1.4 minutes at full production speed. The bodyshell, dashboard already in place, is cradled above the chassis, axles already in place. The shell is then lowered directly onto the platform, and fixed in 10 steps by a combination of robots and human technicians.
VW board member in charge of electric mobility Thomas Ulbrich says that, as far as possible, ID.3 production at Zwickau is carbon-neutral. He told CAR: âOur promise is if we take an MEB car like the ID3, the car will be CO2 neutral by the time of handover to the customer. That means that we are investigating deeply in the supply chain, for example for battery cells, we have a contract with our suppliers that they already use regenerable energy in their production. We also changed the energy resources in our plant in Zwickau to use green energy.â
Itâs acknowledged that there is a proportion of CO2 emissions expended on production of the cars that cannot be completely avoided, but Ulbrich says: âThe remaining part of CO2 emissions we will compensate by internationally accepted and certified projects.â
When CAR visited, 80% of the ID.3 production line was in place and the first pre-series ID.3s were being completed, alongside the final production run of the Mk7.5 Golf (a stark juxtaposition between old and new). Full ID.3 production began in November 2019.
SOURCE: Carmagazine
Published: 05 March 2021
-
Volkswagen is planning a whole family of ID-badged electric cars and vans -
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VW Neo electric car: spy photos from winter testing -
Roughly Golf-sized, but the VW Neo is a bit taller owing to its low-slung battery pack -
Expect a large central VW badge and the ID badge (exact name to be confirmed) in the middle of the tailgate -
Scooped in the snow: a test mule for the VW ID electric car family -
Our spies captured this VW Golf SV test mule, a hack for the ID electric car family -
Is this an early prototype for the VW ID Crozz? Our spy photographers think so -
VW has shown its mobile electric car charging station -
Mobile Volkswagen EV charging units can be dropped off at events -
VW's electric car range: the ID family and its MEB platform are about to go stellar -
Volkswagen is about to start mass-producing its own electric car batteries -
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Electric VWs will package well for interior space -
Every European VW dealer will get at least three charging points for electric cars -
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VW ID -
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How electric VWs work -
Ionity: VW electric car charging -
VW electric car batteries - it's making its own cells -
VW ID Buzz shows how a camper van or high-sided commercial vehicle can be electrified -
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VW ID Ruggedzz as illustrated for CAR by Andrei Avarvarii -
VW ID.1 as illustrated for CAR by Andrei Avarvarii -
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VW's new MEB electric car architecture will be used in 27 VW Group electric vehicles by 2022 -
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âș Full range of EVs both present and future
âș Plus, the tech and the factory behind VW ID
Volkswagen has further accelerated its plans to electrify and offer fully-electric models â with a roadmap that spells out exactly what is to come by 2030. More ID models have been given production dates, there is confirmation of a GTX electric performance-car variant for some models and the first details of Project Trinity â the brand's basis of a new EV platform.
The electric ID brand is as significant to Volkswagen as the Beetle was in 1945 and the original Golf in 1974. In their different ways, they transformed the company. Can ID do the same at a time when VW is still being buffeted by the aftershocks of Dieselgate?
Here are some handy links to navigate this article:
- What present and future ID models are there?
- What is Project Trinity?
- VW ID: the tech explained
- We visit VW's ID.3 plant in Zwickau
VW delivered nearly 134,000 electric vehicles, and 212,000 electrified cars in total (including hybrids and plug-in hybrids). That's an increase of 197% and 158% respectively.
VW's chief operating officer Ralf BrandstÀtter said: '2020 was a turning point for Volkswagen and marked a breakthrough in electric mobility.
'We are well on track to achieve our aim of becoming the market leader in battery electric vehicles.'
The ID range: Volkswagen's EVs explained
Each of the ID models, which will range from A-segment through to a saloon, SUV and a seven-seater, will have 'the interior space of the class aboveâ, explained Andreas Köhler of the MEBâs electronic project management team.
With an anticipated 10 million vehicle sales across all VW Group brands during the first wave of electrification (and up to 22m by the end of the 2020s), thereâs been considerable focus on component sharing and cost cutting. The use of an all-steel platform will help; itâs far cheaper than a lightweight aluminium alternative.
But the big cost challenge will be in the less familiar area of battery costs. As VW makes the transition from internal combustion to electrification, it needs to not only master the use of batteries but secure a reliable, cost-effective supply of the raw materials, while being on the lookout for technical advances.
VW ID.3
The new VW ID.3 electric car is the first of the new generation of Volkswagen EVs in series production, and the first of the brandâs new ID series. What does ID stand for? Ignore dieselgate? Not quite; instead we're told it stands for 'intelligent design, identity and visionary technologies.'
It doesnât really matter either way, but what is important is just how big VW thinks the ID brand will be; itâs calling the ID.3 the third major chapter after the Beetle and the Golf. That's a big claim.
The ID.3 will have a CO2 balance of zero. âWe have investigated the supply chain. Our suppliers use green energy. Our Zwickau factory has already changed to green energy. Elsewhere we will use a compensation scheme [ie carbon trading],âsays VW electrification chief Thomas Ulbrich. But other aspects of the grand plan were still, he said, works in progress, for example whether the owner of an ID will use green electricity, and the recycling of the car.
On top of that, VW has dreamt up an ID.3 convertible. While just a flight of fancy for now, BrandstÀtter and CEO Herbert Diess have both expressed their interest in developing one.
Read our review of the VW ID.3 review here
VW ID.4
The second model in Volkswagenâs ID range of electric cars, the 4 is a crossover SUV based on the firmâs electric MEB platform.
The ID.4 takes inspiration from the ID Crozz concept from a couple of years ago, so we can expect a choice of batteries delivering range of up to around 311 miles on a charge, with the ability to charge from empty to 80% capacity in around 30 minutes via a rapid charger. Itâs also expected a top-spec model with the most powerful battery pack could deliver up to 301bhp. This will also be the first model to have a new GTX performance variant.
Read our VW ID.4 prototype drive here
VW ID. 5
Another model inspired by the ID Crozz concept. The ID.5 is essentially a coupe-SUV version of the ID.4, with a shallower and sleeker silhouette while still offering the ID.4's practicality inside.
VW ID.6
The Volkswagen ID Roomzz concept car was unveiled on the eve of the 2019 Auto Shanghai motor show, showing how VWâs electric car range is expanding at a dizzying rate. And this is no flight of fancy; itâs previewing a new type of crossover/MPV mash-up, due to go on sale in China in 2021 as the ID.6. European sales are likely to follow suit, according to Wolfsburg top brass CAR spoke to.
Itâs no accident that the new EV was shown in China; this is the worldâs biggest zero-emissions market and the show was festooned with battery-powered electric cars. In 2018, some 950,000 electric new cars were registered in China, out of a mind-boggling total of 22 million registrations.
VW ID Vizzion
The 2018 Geneva motor show brought a fourth concept example, the super-sleek VW ID Vizzion.
The ID Vizzion follows the original the ID hatch (which became the ID.3), the ID Crozz coupe-SUV and the ID Buzz van/MPV, and immediately establishes itself as a strong contender for the ID with the daftest name.
In terms of looks, the Vizzion is perhaps the least outlandish ID model yet â but with absolutely no hint of a steering wheel or pedals inside and lots of talk of artificial intelligence-led autonomous driving, it totally gets its futuristic mojo back when it comes to technology.
VW ID Buzz
Volkswagen has committed to bringing its Microbus minivan back from the dead â as a heavily stylised, all-electric fashion wagon.
It's due in showrooms in 2022 and will be based heavily on the ID Buzz concept car.
VW ID Space Vizzion
Codenamed Aero 2, the production version of the ID Space Vizzion â an all-electric estate â will arrive in 2023.
VW ID.1
VW is also building a small electric city car. CAR first predicted the model in the summer of 2020, with the brand officially confirming the new model at its annual conference in March 2021. It's slated to go into production in 2025 to replace the Up, with an entry price of around ÂŁ17,000.
VW ID. Buggy
After the ID range of cars reaches full fruition (meaning everything from ID.1 to ID.7), Volkswagen is considering adding more niche EVs to its range to inject a bit of fun into the mix. Volkswagen brought out a concept to resurrect the buggy as an electric ID model, with CEO Herbert Diess saying at the 2019 Geneva motor show that it was considering launching it by collaborating with third parties to make such niche cars viable. However, CAR insiders say the project has been canned, after a deal with Aachen-based e:Go Mobility fell through due to e:Go filing for insolvency.
VW ID Ruggedzz
Instead of the ID Buggy, VW is considering launching a tough, small 4x4 codenamed Ruggedzz in 2025. Designed to be a rufty-tufty off-roader with e-power, the Ruggedzz will be cheap to build, easy to clean, flexible and affordable to run â aimed at the young outdoors and lifestyle crowd. This project, however, could be handed over to Skoda.
What is Project Trinity?
The next step of the electric onslaught. While the ID range is the start, VW says Trinity will be all of the elements it's developed in the first range of cars boiled down into one entity, arriving in 2026. It's linked to Audi's Project Artemis but, while Audi's project is more for developing electric luxury cars for itself, Porsche and Bentley, VW is focusing on the accessible end of the market. 'This technology must not become the preserve of a select elite, which is why we are scaling it to make it available for many people,' VW's Ralf BrandstÀtter said during the 2021 annual conference.
Tangible details and imagery are scarce, but VW says Trinity will offer Level 2+ autonomous driving from launch (already the market standard, really), with the technology in-built to upgrade that to Level 4. On top of that, Trinity will be the framework for driving forward Car-to-X technology, allowing all of the brand's cars on the road to talk to each other â that detail could make a huge difference to Level 4 autonomy being safe and successful.
Electric Volkswagens: the new ID EV tech explained
With an anticipated 10 million vehicle sales across all VW Group brands during the first wave of electrification (and up to 22m by the end of the 2020s), thereâs been considerable focus on component sharing and cost cutting. The use of an all-steel platform will help; itâs far cheaper than a lightweight aluminium alternative.
But the big cost challenge will be in the less familiar area of battery costs. As VW makes the transition from internal combustion to electrification, it needs to not only master the use of batteries but secure a reliable, cost-effective supply of the raw materials, while being on the lookout for technical advances.
CAR lives with a VW Golf GTE plug-in hybrid
VW's Christian Senger told CAR: âToday 40% of an EVâs cost is the battery, and while the cost of components like electric motors and power electronics has halved we wonât achieve cost parity until 2025, not before. We have to reduce battery costs but in the meantime reducing complexity by simplifying the architecture is a move in the right direction.â
Like the MEB, the battery pack is modular. According to the new WLTP assessment, the entry-level battery will offer 200 miles of range. The next step up is around 270 miles.
A third, yet to be confirmed, is expected to hold enough charge to offer a 340-mile range.
The lithium-ion batteries (above) are still undergoing development, according to Dr Armin Modlinger, responsible for developing cell technology for all the VW brands; heâs based at the pilot line for battery cell production in Salzgitter. VW is using both prismatic and pouch cells for the most efficient packaging and easier handling. âWe need to increase the energy density to improve range by adding more nickel to the cathode and silicon to the anode,â he said.
Crucially, because the ID range will be built on a global scale, including the USA and China, the batteries are âcell agnosticâ â able to accommodate locally produced cells.
According to Modlinger, solid-state batteries â with their improved safety and higher energy density â are not likely to appear until the end of the 2020s.
ID is not just about electrification. They are the first VWs to be permanently connected to the cloud via 4G, and are being future-proofed for 5G. VW has developed a completely new end-to-end electronics architecture, branded E3, together with the new vw.OS operating system allowing the carâs software to be remotely updated.
A trio of separate application servers control various functions on the car: an infotainment server for third-party apps; an autonomous driving server; and a third server that is only accessible via VWâs digital platform.
VW is part of the Ionity partnership with Daimler, BMW and Ford, which plans to open hundreds of charging sites with an average of six charge points per site across Europe; as demand and technology evolve, these will be able to charge at up to 350kW and 920 volts.
Senger dismissed concerns about battery recycling and the prospect of a dead li-ion battery mountain, revealing that VW is working with both universities and industry to develop recycling processes that will recover 97% of the batteriesâ chemicals, although that is unlikely to emerge before 2025 when there are sufficient EVs on the road to make it financially viable.
âBefore then we could just replace any cells that fail and rebalance the battery or remove the battery and use it for stationary storage â there will be a huge market for this as the pricing is higher than in the automotive value chain.â
Credit where itâs due: hasnât VW been forced into this by Elon Musk and Tesla?â Senger says: âTesla proved that people like EVs and that itâs not just about being CO2 compliant. If Model 3 had been on time â yes, that would have been a serious threat.â
Inside the VW ID factory at Zwickau
CAR was among the first journalists in the world to visit VWâs newly converted Zwickau factory and see the first ID.3s rolling off the production line.
The Zwickau factory in Saxony is a âlegacy factoryâ in that until now it has produced conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) cars but from 2021 it will be a centre dedicated to electric MEB models.
Alongside the ID.3, further MEB cars (two Audis and one Seat â the el-Born sister car to the ID.3) will also be built at Zwickau.
The first VW factory to be converted to full EV production, the investment at Zwickau has been vast. VW describes it as the ânucleusâ for its EV production plans.
On robots alone, there has been a âŹ400m investment. The MEB production process allows more automation than previous ICE cars but of the 8000 employees at Zwickau, almost all have been retained to work on the electric models with minimal redundancies, which has required thousands of training days.
The joining of the skateboard-style MEB platform and the ID.3 bodyshell is rapid, taking just 1.4 minutes at full production speed. The bodyshell, dashboard already in place, is cradled above the chassis, axles already in place. The shell is then lowered directly onto the platform, and fixed in 10 steps by a combination of robots and human technicians.
VW board member in charge of electric mobility Thomas Ulbrich says that, as far as possible, ID.3 production at Zwickau is carbon-neutral. He told CAR: âOur promise is if we take an MEB car like the ID3, the car will be CO2 neutral by the time of handover to the customer. That means that we are investigating deeply in the supply chain, for example for battery cells, we have a contract with our suppliers that they already use regenerable energy in their production. We also changed the energy resources in our plant in Zwickau to use green energy.â
Itâs acknowledged that there is a proportion of CO2 emissions expended on production of the cars that cannot be completely avoided, but Ulbrich says: âThe remaining part of CO2 emissions we will compensate by internationally accepted and certified projects.â
When CAR visited, 80% of the ID.3 production line was in place and the first pre-series ID.3s were being completed, alongside the final production run of the Mk7.5 Golf (a stark juxtaposition between old and new). Full ID.3 production began in November 2019.
SOURCE: Carmagazine
Last edited:
